furnace for melting metal
Electric furnace steelmaking mainly uses arc heat. In the arc action area, the temperature is as high as 4000°C.
The smelting process is generally divided into a melting period, an oxidation period and a reduction period.
Precautions:
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Temperature control:
- During the blast furnace smelting and subsequent refining process, the temperature needs to be strictly controlled to ensure the smooth progress of the chemical reaction and avoid excessive oxidation of the material.
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Composition adjustment:
- Adjust the composition of steel by adding alloying elements and fluxes to obtain the required properties. This requires precise calculation and control.
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Environmental protection:
- Waste gas, waste water and solid waste will be generated during the smelting process, and effective environmental protection measures need to be taken, such as waste gas treatment, waste water recycling and reasonable disposal of solid waste.
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Equipment maintenance:
- Regularly inspect and maintain smelting equipment to ensure its normal operation and prevent production interruption or safety accidents caused by equipment failure.
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Safe operation:
- The smelting process involves high temperature, high pressure and harmful chemicals. Operators need to wear appropriate protective equipment and strictly abide by safety regulations.
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Quality inspection:
- During the entire smelting process, quality inspection of intermediate products and final products is required to ensure that the steel meets standard requirements.
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Energy management:
- The smelting process consumes high energy, and it is necessary to optimize process parameters and adopt energy-saving technologies to reduce energy consumption and production costs.
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Process optimization:
- Continuously research and develop new smelting technologies and processes to increase production efficiency, improve product quality and reduce environmental impact.
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Personnel training:
- Ensure that all operating personnel are properly trained to understand the smelting process, equipment operation and emergency response measures.
Not only an oxidizing atmosphere but also a reducing atmosphere can be created in the furnace, so the efficiency of dephosphorization and desulfurization is very high.
The iron-containing raw materials used are mainly scrap steel, accounting for more than 70%. In addition, molten iron, pig iron, direct reduced iron,
Hot pressed blocks etc. The smelting time is longer, generally at least twice as long as the converter smelting time. The melting temperature of the electric furnace is high and easy to control and adjust.
The temperature in the arc zone of the electric arc furnace is as high as 3000-6000°C, and the furnace temperature is as high as over 2000°C, which is much higher than the temperature required for smelting general steel types.
It can be used to smelt alloy steel and alloy steel that cannot be smelted by converters. Stainless steel.
The atmosphere in the furnace is easy to control and adjust. At different stages of smelting, not only an oxidizing atmosphere but also a reducing atmosphere can be created in the furnace.
The former is conducive to decarburization and phosphorus removal, while the latter is conducive to deoxidation, desulfurization, addition of easily oxidized alloys, recovery of metal elements and Control the composition of molten steel.
Electric furnace equipment is relatively simple, requires less investment, is quick to build a factory, takes up less space, and is easy to control pollution.
However, since the required energy is provided by the high temperature generated by the electrode during short circuit, the power consumption is relatively large. The electricity consumed for smelting 1 ton of steel is about 350-600kwh;
The hydrogen and nitrogen content in finished steel are relatively high. Because under the action of the arc, a large amount of water vapor in the air in the furnace is dissociated, and the generated hydrogen and nitrogen will affect the quality of the steel if they enter the molten steel.
The arc is a “point” heat source, and the temperature distribution in the furnace is uneven.
When the molten pool is calm, the temperature of the molten steel in each part varies greatly. The presence of carbonaceous electrodes will carbonize the molten steel, making it difficult to smelt low-carbon steel.
Scrap steel is an energy-carrying resource, and using scrap steel to make steel can save a lot of energy.
In large iron and steel complexes, from mining, mineral processing, sintering, coking, ironmaking to steelmaking and steel rolling, energy consumption and pollution emissions are mainly concentrated before the steelmaking process.
Research shows that using scrap steel to make steel directly can save 60% of energy and 40% of water compared to using ore to make iron and then making steel.
Scrap steel is an environmentally friendly resource.
Compared with using scrap steel to make steel directly and using ore to make iron and then making steel, it can reduce 86% of waste gas, 76% of waste water and 97% of waste residue, which is conducive to cleaner production and waste reduction.
By following these precautions,Welcome to Luoyang Judian you can ensure that the steel smelting process is both efficient and safe while producing a high-quality steel product.